The ongoing drought conditions have led the United Nations to report that climate change could shrink this even further to just 3% within twenty five years meaning an already poor population will have to further rely on expensive imports when it already is forced to import 65% percent of its annual maize needs and 80% of its annual wheat needs just to ensure the population is fed. Currently Lesotho benefits from international aid to plug this financial gap with most of this aid coming from the United States, the World Bank, the United Kingdom, the European Union, and Germany. Many of the older children head up households and drop out of school to provide for their younger siblings with UNICEF reporting that education is a vulnerability for 17% of primary school children but 62% of secondary school children. Inevitably, children caring for children impacts on their psychological development and wellbeing, not least because such children are unlikely to address the health issues of the younger children in a country where access to to health facilities is already scant with five doctors per 100,000 residents and an infant child mortality rate (under fives) of over 8% (86.4 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2019).

And as these Lesotho children grow up, they face a real risk of their country facing extinction as Lesotho has the second highest HIV prevalence in the world greatly reducing living standards and exacerbating poverty, inequality, and unemployment levels throughout the country. The government enacted a 2018/19–2022/23 National Strategic Plan for HIV however, in a country where 25.6% of adults aged 15–59 years are HIV-positive and 30% of boys report that they have had sex before the age of 15yrs compared with 6% in developed countries, progress is slow not helped by the fact that this younger age group is unikely to be aware of their HIV status compared with older adults. Many Lesotho children are also being abandoned on the streets. Save the Children in Lesotho reported that relatives are either incapable of looking after them or do not want to be "overburdened by someone's HIV-positive child who is going to die anyway". Many of these children end up living on the streets placing themselves at risk of abuse and sexual exploitation.