While the Egyptian constitution theoretically guarantees freedom of the press, the reality on the ground often contradicts these legal provisions. Laws ostensibly designed to combat terrorism or ensure national security are frequently invoked to target legitimate journalistic inquiry and expression, providing a legalistic framework for actions that undermine fundamental freedoms. This discrepancy between law and practice makes it exceptionally difficult for journalists to seek legal protection or recourse. The media environment is also heavily influenced by ownership; state-owned entities such as Al-Ahram largely dominate the news agenda, consistently promoting the government's narrative. Even many privately owned news channels and newspapers tend to align their coverage with state interests, whether through direct influence or implicit pressure, leaving very few truly independent platforms to challenge official narratives.