After the Napoleonic Wars had ended, Britain once again turned its attention to expansion within Nigeria. Given its involvement in the area, The Berlin Conference of 1884, effectively rubberstamped the area as ripe for British control and development (although there were ongoing tensions with France over Nigeria's western border with French controlled Dahomey) and, as such the British government established the Royal Niger Company in 1885, then on 1st January 1901 made Nigeria a British protectorate. Just 14 years later the area was formally titled the Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria, whereby Nigeria was subject to indirect rule through tribal leaders; a status it held until 1st October 1954 when, as momentum for independence was sweeping across Africa, the colony became the autonomous Federation of Nigeria. In 1922 a section of the German colony Kamerun was added to Nigeria under League of Nations mandate. The colony was finally given full independence as The Federation of Nigeria on the 1st October 1960 with Jaja Anucha Wachuku as the Nigerian Parliament's first black speaker after independence (Wachuka was a close friend of Presidents Eisenhower, Kennedy and Johnson.) Then, in October 1963, Nigeria became the Federal Republic of Nigeria with Nnamdi Azikiwe (left) as its first President.