Antananarivo Profile

An Antananarivo city profile, capital of Madagascar, including facts, a social and economic profile, history, daily life, attractions and video. Antananarivo, often referred to as Tana, was founded in the 17th century by King Andrianjaka, who reigned over the Kingdom of Imerina in the central highlands region of Madagascar from around 1612 to 1630. He established his royal residence on Analamanga Hill given its location on top of a steep ridge that consists of more than 12 hilltops making it easy to defend, with royalty and noblemen living on the highest hills whilst foot soldiers occupied and guarded the lower hills. Antananarivo grew in importance in 1793 when King Andrianampoinimerina (1787~1810) of Ambohimanga captured the city and transferred his capital there using it as a base to bring the rest of Madagascar under Merina (highlander) rule.

The city's strategic location and fertile soil continued to attract traders and settlers from various parts of the world, leading to a diverse and multicultural population. The city was captured by the French in 1895 as part of their colonisation of Madagascar following the Berlin Conference and the Merina dynasty was abolished two years later with Queen Ranavalona III (who reigned from 1883 to 1897) being deported to Reunion then Algeria. The French remodelled the city, constructing new roads and buildings with a French colonial feel and by 1950 its population had risen to 175,000 and remained as capital of the island after Independence from France in 1960.

Antananarivo is the economic heart of Madagascar, with a significant portion of the country's population of residing in and around the city. The city's economy is primarily driven by the service sector, which includes finance, tourism, and trade.

Atananarivo Profile

Antananarivo Profile

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Tana City Map

A satellite map of Antananarivo which you can use to zoom in to explore the city and its attractions.
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<h3>Antananarivo Video Profile</h3>

Those employed in Antananarivo primarily work in the production of leather goods, textiles as well as food products, drinks and cigarettes and the city is connected by railway to the port of Toamasina on the east coast allowing for easy imports and exports into the capital. Agriculture also plays a crucial role, with crops such as rice, corn, and cassava being grown in the surrounding areas. Despite its economic importance, Antananarivo faces several social challenges. Poverty, unemployment, and income inequality are prevalent, with a large portion of the population living in informal settlements. The city's infrastructure is also underdeveloped, with inadequate public transportation, sanitation, and healthcare facilities.

Antananarivo's daily life is a vibrant mix of traditional and modern elements. The city's markets are a testament to its rich cultural heritage, with vendors selling everything from fresh produce and spices to handmade crafts and clothing. The city's cuisine is also a fusion of Malagasy, French, and Asian influences, with dishes such as romazava (a meat and vegetable stew) and ravitoto (a pork and cassava leaf dish) being popular. The city's residents are known for their warm and welcoming nature, with a strong sense of community and family values. Religious festivals, such as Famadihana (the turning of the bones ceremony), are celebrated with great enthusiasm and are an integral part of the city's cultural calendar.

Antananarivo faces several challenges that threaten its growth and development including inadequate infrastructure, environmental degradation. Climate change is another major concern, with the city's rapid urbanisation leading to increased pressure on natural resources. The city's population of 1,391,433 (2025) is growing at an alarming rate, putting further strain on already limited resources such as water, electricity, and housing. Additionally, the city's informal settlements, which house a significant portion of the population, lack basic amenities such as sanitation and healthcare facilities, contributing to the spread of diseases and other health issues.

Despite its challenges, Antananarivo is a fascinating destination for tourists, offering a unique blend of history, culture, and natural beauty. Some of the city's top tourist attractions include:

Rova of Antananarivo: The Rova, also known as the Queen's Palace, is a historic royal complex that offers stunning views of the city and its surroundings.
Avenue of the Independence: This bustling avenue is home to numerous shops, restaurants, and hotels, making it a popular destination for tourists and locals alike.
Lake Anosy: This picturesque lake is a popular spot for picnics, jogging, and relaxing, with a scenic park and the tomb of French Admiral Pierre de Bressy-Mirande adding to its charm.
Ambohimanga Royal Hill: This UNESCO World Heritage Site is a well-preserved example of traditional Malagasy architecture and is home to the tombs of several Malagasy monarchs.
Analakely Market: This bustling market is a must-visit for foodies and shoppers, offering a wide variety of fresh produce, spices, and handmade crafts.

Today, following years of economic decline and political instability coupled with an earlier suspension of aid from organisations such as the EU, Antananarivo has a feel of urban poverty with street children combing the streets begging or stealing from tourists amid overcrowded and uncared for buildings, high unemployment, rampant pollution and a general sense of decay and despair. Explore the city using our interactive map, then check out the city's Ivato International Airport to make a virtual landing in Madagascar.